Crane system incorporated into a tower

ABSTRACT

A crane system includes a structural truss positioned within a central opening defined by an inside surface of an annular tower, a crane mast connected to an outside surface of the annular tower, and a jib arm connected to the crane mast.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/883,426 filed on 14 Oct. 2015 and titled “A Crane System Incorporatedinto a Tower.” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/883,426 is hereinincorporated by reference for all that is disclosed.

BACKGROUND

Existing methods of constructing wind towers vary depending on whetherthe materials are steel or concrete. The decision process used to selectwhether the tower is to be built out of steel or concrete depends on thegeographic location, regional resources, and access to the wind farmsite. Steel wind towers are commonly built through bolting steel tubularsections together at intermediate flanges. The heights of steel towersare often limited by the diameter of the steel tubular sections that canbe physically transported from the location where the steel pieces arefabricated to the wind farm site without significant modifications toexisting roads, bridges, or other physical constraints. Theselimitations typically result in steel pieces having diameters of up toapproximately 20.0 feet. As a result of these diameter limitations, theoverall tower height is generally limited when using conventionalstrength steel. Energy production from a wind tower generally goes up byincreasing the height of the tower. Thus, the transportation constraintslimit the productivity of the windmill when the tower is made ofconventional strength steel.

Advantages of concrete towers include that the concrete sections can beconstructed using local materials. As a result, the concrete sectionsare not transported over long distances and the transportationconstraints involved with transporting steel sections are avoided.Cast-in-place construction methods allow for pouring fresh concrete intothe forms at any desired height. The drawbacks to cast-in-place methodsare reduced construction speed and sensitivity to inclement weather. Thecommon geometry of a concrete wind tower is tapered, which createscomplexity in the concrete segment forming system.

One type of foundation for a tower is disclosed in U.S. PatentPublication No. 2014/0202971 issued to Eli Bosco. In this reference, anenhanced stability crane is described. Embodiments include a telescopingmain support mast upon which a crane base resides. A boom projectsupwardly from the crane base and a jib typically projects upwardly fromthe boom. A clamping assembly resides on the main support mast and isconfigured to attach to an existing structure adjacent to the crane, inorder to enhance stability. Multiple clamping assemblies can bedistributed along the telescoping main support mast when it is extended.The existing structure is generally a tower structure that is columnarand vertical in shape and orientation, and frequently has an ellipticalhorizontal cross-section. Tower structures are typically, but notnecessarily, wind turbine towers. In some embodiments, the crane ismobile capable of lifting objects weighing about 110 tons to a height ofabout 400 feet. The crane typically adjusts to a collapsedconfiguration, enabling facile transport. U.S. Patent Publication No.2014/0202971 is herein incorporated by reference for all that itcontains.

SUMMARY

In one aspect of the invention, a crane system includes a structuraltruss positioned within a central opening defined by an inside surfaceof an annular tower, a crane mast connected to an outside surface of theannular tower, and a jib arm connected to the crane mast.

In some examples, the crane system includes an annular wall and alateral opening defined by the wall that extends from the centralopening to the outside surface. In this example, the structural trussmay be connected to the crane mast through the lateral opening. Thestructural truss may also include at least two joints in contact withthe inside surface of the central opening. In other examples, thestructural truss has three or more joints in contact with the insidesurface. The structural truss may include a length that is greater thana cross sectional width of the annular tower. This length may be overtwenty feet long. In some examples, the crane system includes a liftmechanism that raises the structural truss within the central opening.

In another aspect of the invention, a method for erecting an annulartower includes positioning a structural truss within a central openingof a first annular tower section at a first height and connecting acrane mast positioned on an outside of the first annular tower sectionto the structural truss through a lateral opening in the first annulartower section.

In some examples, a jib arm is attached to the crane mast. In theseexamples, the method may further include attaching a second annulartower section to a cable of the jib arm.

The method may further include lifting the second annular tower sectionto a height above the first annular tower section, positioning thesecond annular tower section onto the annular tower so that the secondannular tower section becomes part of the annular tower, disconnectingthe structural truss from the crane mast, raising the structural trussinto the second annular tower section, raising the crane mast to thesecond annular tower section, and connecting the structural truss to thecrane mast through a lateral opening in the second annular towersection.

In some examples, the structural truss includes at least three joints incontact with the inside surface. The structural truss may include alength that is greater than a cross sectional width of the annulartower. The length of structural truss may be over twenty feet long.

In some cases, the method may also include moving the structural trussto a second height within the central opening. Further, the method mayinclude lowering the structural truss to a lower height.

In another aspect of the invention, a crane system includes an annulartower, a structural truss positioned within a central opening, and amast assembly. The annular tower includes an annular wall, a centralopening defined with the annular wall, and a lateral opening definedwith the wall that extends from the central opening to the outsidesurface. The structural truss may include at least three joints incontact with the inside surface. The length of the structural truss isgreater than a cross sectional width of the annular tower. The length ofthe structural truss is over twenty feet long. The mast assemblyincludes a crane mast connected to an outside surface of the annulartower and a jib arm connected to the crane mast. The structural truss isconnected to the crane mast through the lateral opening. A liftmechanism raises the structural truss within the central opening.

Any of the aspects of the principles detailed above may be combined withany of the other aspect detailed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments of the presentapparatus and are a part of the specification. The illustratedembodiments are merely examples of the present apparatus and do notlimit the scope thereof.

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an example of a tower in accordancewith the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of an example of a truss inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an example of a truss inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of an example of a crane system inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a detailed view of an example of connection inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of an example of a crane system inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a side view of an example of a crane system inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of an example of a crane system inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a method of erecting a crane inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a method of erecting a crane inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a lift mechanism in accordance withthe present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a lift mechanism in accordance withthe present invention.

Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar,but not necessarily identical, elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The principles described herein include a crane assembly that can beused to construct a tower. In the windmill construction industry,windmill locations are selected based on their geographiccharacteristics and legal ability to construct a windmill. Not alllocations selected to build a windmill tower are ideal for transportinga crane assembly to and from the construction site. As a result,transporting a crane assembly to a particular construction site can beexpensive. Further, the height of transportable cranes may be shorterthan desirable in situations where the higher strata in the atmosphereat the windmill's location are more productive. Thus, the transportablecranes may limit the overall height of the windmill tower, which maylead to the windmill being less efficient than it would be if thetower's height was taller.

Cranes are constructed to lift heavy loads. In some cases, the cranestransport the loads to a new elevation. In other examples, the cranesmove the loads horizontally from one location to another. Cranes ofteninclude a latticed boom that is connected to a jib arm. A cable can beconnected to the jib arm, which can be used to hoist the loads. As thecable is used to lift the load, the load's weight is transferred to thejib arm, which applies an asymmetric load to the latticed boom.Consequently, the lattice boom distributes the forces imposed by theasymmetric load so that the latticed boom does not bend or buckle underthe asymmetric weight.

In the present invention, a structural truss is placed within at leastone annular tower section of an uncompleted annular tower. Thestructural truss has multiple beams connected at multiple joints whichforms a lattice that has multiple joints that are in contact with aninside surface of the annular tower section(s). In some cases, at leastone of the structural truss' joints are fastened to the tower section'sinside surface. The other joints may be held against the inside surfacethrough compression or another securing mechanism. The structural trussis connected to a mast assembly that is located on the outside of theannular tower section. The structural truss and the mast assembly can beconnected through at least one lateral opening in the side of theannular tower sections. A fastener, such as a plate, may be locatedwithin the lateral opening and the structural truss may be connected tothe plate on a first side, and the mast assembly may be connected to thesecond side of the plate. The structural truss may have a length thatfills the central opening of the uncompleted tower. In some cases,multiple lateral openings may be located in the annular tower section(s)that connect to both the mast assembly and the structural truss. In somecases, just a single lateral opening is used to connect the structuraltruss and the mast assembly. While the principles herein are describedusing a plate to connect the structural truss and the mast assembly, anyother appropriate type of fastener may be used. For example, thefasteners may be include bolts, screws, rods, clamps, pins, clasps,belts, clips, bands, nails, eyelets, other types of fasteners, orcombinations thereof.

The mast assembly may include a mast crane that is connected to a jibarm. A cable may be supported with the jib arm and arranged to liftheavy objects. In some cases, the jib arm can swing independent of thecrane mast or pivot independent of the crane mast. In other examples,the crane mast moves with the jib arm. As objects are lifted by the mastassembly, the loads are transferred from the crane mast into thestructural truss. As a result, the load is distributed through the trussbeams to the joints that are in contact with the inside surface of theannular tower sections. Consequently, the loads are transferred into thetower. The annular tower distributes the uneven loads throughout itsstructure resulting in the tower supporting the weight of the loads.

The crane assembly can be used to lift additional annular tower sectionsthat can be placed on top of the top most annular section of theuncompleted tower. These additional tower sections can be securedthrough the annular tower and thereby become part of the annular tower.As the annular tower grows, the mast crane and the structural truss canbe used to disconnect from the plate and be moved upwards. The cranemast can be moved up along the outside of the annular tower and bereconnected to another plate in another lateral opening located higherup in the annular tower. Similarly, the structural truss can be moved upwithin the central opening of the annular tower and be reconnected tothe crane mast through the higher lateral opening in the additionalannular tower sections. The crane assembly can be used to add even moreannular tower sections to the uncompleted annular tower. The process ofadding more tower sections and moving the components of the craneassembly can be repeated until tower is completed.

The lateral openings can be precast into the annular tower sections whenthe annular tower sections are cast. In some examples, the plates oranother type of fastener can also be precast into the lateral openingswhen the annular tower sections are cast. Further, in some examples, nolateral opening is created during the casting process, but a fastenerthat traverses the thickness of the annular tower section's wall may becast in place. The fastener in this example is capable of transferringthe loads from the crane mast into the structural truss.

One advantage to the principles described herein is that the annularsections of the tower distribute the loads much like the lattice boom ofthe traditional crane assemblies. These loads are transferred to thetower through the internal structural truss, but the annular tower isthe structure that ultimately supports the loads lifted by the craneassembly. With regards to the transportation issues common forconventional crane systems, the structural truss described herein can besignificantly smaller than the lattice boom of a traditional crane.Thus, a significantly smaller amount of material has to be transportedto the construction site. Also, distributing the payload's weightinternally through the tower allows for the weight to be uniformlytransferred throughout the annular tower. For example, if the crane mastwere merely connected to the side of the annular tower, the payload'sweight would be unevenly applied to the side of the annular tower towhich the crane mast was attached and would subject the tower to unevenloads. Additionally, the length of the structural truss also providesthe benefit of distributing the load over a greater region of theannular tower thereby reducing the potential of concentrating the loadsin just a small area, such as just the very top portion of theuncompleted tower. Thus, the principles described herein have theadvantage of having the crane mast off to the side to allow placement ofadditional tower sections while centrally distributing the weight of thecrane's payload throughout the annular tower so that the annular towersupports the payload's weight.

For purposes of this disclosure, the term “aligned” means parallel,substantially parallel, or forming an angle of less than 35.0 degrees.Also, for purposes of this disclosure, the term “transverse” meansperpendicular, substantially perpendicular, or forming an angle between55.0 and 125.0 degrees. Further, for purposes of this disclosure, theterm “length” refers to the longest dimension of an object. For thepurposes of the disclosure, the term “circular” generally means of orrelating to a circle. Thus, “circular” may refer to a mathematicallydefined circle or may refer to a shape that generally relates to acircle but falls outside of the mathematical definition of a circle. So,an object that is “circular” may include at least one flat section,sections with inconsistent radii of curvature, contagious sections thatform a slight angle, or have other characteristics that fall outside ofa mathematically defined circle, but generally resemble a circle.Further, for the purposes of this disclosure, the term “annular”generally means resembling a ring. An annular object may be circular,triangular, rectangular, polygonal, another shape that has a continuouscircumference, or combinations thereof

Particularly, with reference to the figures, FIG. 1 depicts a crosssection of a tower 100. This tower may be a windmill tower or anotherappropriate type of tower. In the example of FIG. 1, the tower includesa foundation 126, a bottom concrete portion 104, a middle concreteportion 106, a top concrete portion 108, and a tip adapter 110 thatconnects to the turbine equipment. Each of the bottom concrete portion104, the middle concrete portion 106, and the top concrete portion 108are made of concrete annular sections 112. Additionally, each of thebottom concrete portion 104, the middle concrete portion 106, and thetop concrete portion 108 collectively have substantially straight walls.Thus, each of the bottom concrete portion 104, the middle concreteportion 106, and the top concrete portion 108 have a common diameterand/or cross section. In the example of FIG. 1, the top concrete portion108 has a first diameter. The middle concrete portion 106 has a seconddiameter that may be greater than the first diameter. The bottomconcrete portion 104 has a third diameter that may be greater than thesecond diameter.

The tip adapter 110 may connect to the top most concrete annular sectionof the tower. The tip adapter 110 may also connect to components thatmake up the wind turbine (not shown). The wind turbine may be acollection of components that convert the wind's kinetic energy intoelectric energy. The such components may include rotor blades, a rotor,a drivetrain, a gearbox, a generator, an electrical system, a nacelle,controls, and other types of equipment used to convert the wind'skinetic energy into electric energy.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a structural truss 200. The structuraltruss 200 includes a plurality of beams joined together at joints. Inthis example, the structural truss 200 includes a triangular shape wherea first beam 202 and a second beam 204 are joined at a first joint 206.The second beam 204 and a third beam 208 are joined at a second joint210, and the first beam 202 and the third beam 208 are joined at a thirdjoint 212. In this example, each of the joints 206, 210, 212 areequidistantly spaced from one another.

The structural truss 200 has three dimensional shapes. Additional beams214 extend away from the joints 206, 210, 212 at orientations transversethe first beam 202, the second beam 204, and the third beam 208,respectively. Each of the transversely oriented beams 214 also connectto additional joints and even more beams. The overall three dimensionalshape of the structural truss 200 is a triangular prism. Thelongitudinal beams of the structural truss 200 form the longitudinaledges of the triangular prism. In other examples, structural truss maybe three side, four sided, or have any other appropriate number ofsides.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of the crane assembly 300 incorporatedinto the annular tower 301. In this example, the structural truss 302 islocated within at least one of the annular tower sections 304. Thelongitudinal beams 306 of the structural truss's triangular prism are incontact with an inside surface 308 of the tower's central opening 310.In this example, the annular tower 301 is under construction, and thusat least some of the annular tower sections 304 are not yet stacked toform the tower 301. In this situation, the crane assembly 300 can beused to lift and position the remaining annular tower sections in thevertical stack of tower sections to complete the tower 301.

At least one of the structural truss's joints is fastened to the annulartower section 304. For example, a lateral opening 312 may be defined inthe annular wall 314 of the tower section 304. This lateral opening 312may extend between the outside surface 316 of the annular tower section304 and the inside surface 308 of the annular tower section 304. A plate318 may be secured within the lateral opening 312, and a joint 320 ofthe structural truss 302 may be fastened to the plate 318 on the plate'sinner side. The mast assembly 324 may be secured to the outer side ofthe plate 318. In some examples, the plate 318 is precast into thelateral opening 312 at the time that the annular tower section 304 wascast. In other examples, the plate 318 was secured within the lateralopening 312 after the annular tower section 304 was cast.

A mast assembly 324 is connected to the outer side of the plate 318.Thus, the loads imposed on the mast assembly 324 when the crane assembly300 is lifting a payload can be transferred to the structural truss 302through the lateral opening. With at least some of the joints of thestructural truss 302 in contact with the inside surface of the annulartower sections 304, the loads transferred to the structural truss 302are also transferred into the annular tower sections 304. In someexamples, the longitudinal beams of the structural truss are also incontact with the inside surface. In this example, the loads from thecrane assembly 300 can be transferred along the length of the structuraltruss 302, thereby distributing the loads more gradually throughout theannular tower. Thus, the annular tower supports the loads of the craneassembly 300. With the mast assembly 324 attached to the side of theannular tower, the loads from the crane's payload initially impose anunbalanced load onto the annular tower. But, with the mast assembly 324and the structural truss 302 connected to the same plate 318 in thelateral opening 312, the loads can be centrally distributed throughoutthe annular tower.

While the illustrated example has been depicted with a lateral openingto connect the mast assembly to the structural truss, any appropriatefastener may be used to connect the structural truss and the mastassembly together. For example, a rod or a series of rods may be castinto the annular tower sections without forming an opening in theannular tower sections. The mast assembly and the structural truss maybe connected to the rod or the series of rods on either end. With boththe mast assembly and the structural truss connected to the same rods,the weight from the crane's payload may be transferred from outside ofthe tower to the inside of the tower through the rods. In otherexamples, plates, beams, rods, or other types of connectors may be castinto the side of the annular tower sections to transfer the craneassembly's loads to the structural truss.

In some examples, each of the outer joints of the structural truss 302may be in contact with the inside surface 308 of the central opening310. Thus, each of the joints along the length of the structural truss302 may be in contact with the inside surface 308. Each of the joints incontact with the inside surface 308 may transfer at least some of theload from the crane into the wall of the annular tower. Thus, thegreater the length of the structural truss 302, the more area of thetower that can receive a portion of the load. As a result, the loadtransfer to the annular tower can be reduced when more joints are incontact with the inside surface 308.

While this example has been described with reference to a structuraltruss that forms a triangular prism, a structural truss with anyappropriate shape may be used. For example, a generally rectangularshaped truss, a generally polygonal shaped truss, or another shapedtruss may be used in accordance with the principles described herein.

FIG. 4 depicts an example of the crane system 400. In this example, thecrane system 400 includes an annular tower 402, a structural truss 404located within a central opening 406 of the annular tower 402, and amast assembly 408 connected to the outside of the annular tower 402.

The mast assembly 408 includes a crane mast 410 connected to a jib arm412. At least one trolley is supported by the jib arm 412. A cable 416or another type of lifting media (e.g. chains, rope, cords, etc.) maycontrol the trolley. A hook 418 or multiple hooks may be connected tothe end of the cable. A guy line 420 may be also incorporated into themast assembly 408 to provide additional support to the cantilevered end422 of the jib arm 412. The guy line 420 may be a tensioned cable thatadds stability to the jib arm's cantilevered end 422.

In some examples, a winch may be incorporated into the crane system 400.The winch may be used to direct the movement of the trolley. The winchmay be driven by a motor (not shown). In some cases, the motor islocated proximate the winch, while in other examples, the motor islocated on the annular tower 402 or at the ground level.

In the illustrated example, an additional annular tower section 426 isconnected to the hook 418 of the cable 416 and is in the process ofbeing raised vertically. In some cases, the annular tower sections arecast on site using local materials. The load from the additional annulartower section's weight may be distributed to the annular tower throughthe connection between the mast assembly 408 and the structural truss404.

The structural truss 404 may have a length that is longer than thelength of the tower sections. In this example, the structural truss 404may span a first and a second annular sections. As a result, the loadsfrom the mast assembly's payload may be distributed into both of firstand second annular section. In other examples, the structural truss 404may be shorter than the length of just a single annular tower section.In this example, the structural truss 404 may distribute the load intojust a single tower section. But, if the structural truss 404 is alignedover the interface between a first and a second annular tower section,the structural truss 404 may distribute the loads into both of the firstand second annular tower sections.

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a plate 500 in a lateral opening 502 of anannular tower section 504. In this example, the structural truss 506 isconnected to an inner surface 508 of the plate 500, and the mastassembly 510 is connected to the outer surface of the plate 500.

The mast assembly 510 may include a bracket 512 that connects to theplate 500, and the structural truss 506 may also include a bracket 514that connects to the plate 500. Fasteners 516 may connect the brackets512, 514 to the plate 500.

FIG. 6 depicts an example of an additional tower section 600 beinglifted by the crane system 602. As the crane system 602 lifts theadditional tower section 600, the weight from the additional towersection 600 is transferred from the hoisting cable 604 to the jib arm606, to the crane mast 608, through the plate in the tower's annularwall 610, into the structural truss 612. The structural truss 612distributes the load into the tower from the inside. Thus, the towersupports the loads involved in hoisting the tower sections 600 forconstructing itself.

FIG. 7 depicts an example of the additional tower section 702 positionedon top of the annular tower 700. The additional tower section 702 mayhave been placed on the top of the annular tower 700 with the mastassembly 704.

With the additional tower section 702 positioned on the top of theannular tower 700, the additional tower section 702 becomes part of theannular tower 700. The additional annular tower section 702 may beleveled in place. But, any appropriate attachment procedure to join theannular tower section 702 to the annular tower 704 may be used inaccordance with the principles described herein.

FIG. 8 depicts the structural truss 800 and the mast assembly 802 movedto a higher position in the annular tower 804. As more annular towersections are added to the tower, the higher the tower 804 becomes andthe higher that the mast assembly 802 has to rise to place additionaltower sections. In some cases, the mast assembly 802 may raise andposition just a single tower section before the mast assembly needs tomove up to raise and position another annular tower section. But, inother examples, the mast assembly 802 may raise and position multiplesingle tower sections before the mast assembly needs to move up to raiseand position another annular tower section.

Any appropriate mechanism may be used to raise and/or lower thestructural truss 800 and the mast assembly 802. In some examples, aplatform and/or a ladder may be secured inside of the central opening ofthe annular tower 804 so that a worker can manually disconnect thestructural truss from the inside. A cable and winch system may be usedto raise the unfastened structural truss to the new height, where theworker may also manually connect the structural truss 800 to the platein the lateral opening or to another connection point. In otherexamples, a hydraulic lift may be used to raise the structural truss 800to the new height. In some examples, a robotic mechanism or an automaticmechanism may be used to cause the structural truss 800 to disconnectand/or reconnect to the components inside of the central opening. Insome examples, the same type of mechanisms that are used to raise andlower the structural truss 800 can be used to raise and lower the mastassembly 802.

The structural truss 800 may be initially assembled inside of thecentral opening of the annular tower 804. In this example, a door oranother type of opening may be located in a bottom section of theannular tower 804. The components of the structural truss 800 may bebrought through this door or opening so that the structural truss may beassembled on the inside.

The width of the structural truss 800 allows the structural truss tomake contact with inside surface of the central opening. Thus, theprinciples described herein are well suited for those situations wherethe central opening has a consistent diameter or cross section. In somecases, the annular tower 804 has a consistent diameter, like the exampledepicted in FIG. 1. In other case, the annular tower sections may vary.In these cases, the structural truss 800 may be modified for each of thedifferent portions. For example, some of the structural truss beams maybe collapsible to a shorter size to accommodate the tower's diameterchanges. For example, the truss may elongate when the annular tower 804is a smaller diameter, where vertical members of the truss mustlengthen. In some examples, the beams may telescope, twist, bend, orotherwise shorten as the structural truss 800 moves into a portion ofthe tower with a smaller diameter. In other examples, some beams may besized to be removed from the structural truss so that their removalallows for the structural truss to be sized for the smaller towerdiameter. In other examples, once the structural truss 800 reaches thediameter change, the structural truss 800 or just a portion of thestructural trust 800 is disassembled and a new structural truss 800 witha smaller width is reconstructed for the smaller diameter portion of thetower. While these examples have been described with reference to astructural truss well suited for movement in consistent diameterportions of a tower, the features that make the structural trussadjustable to a shorter width may be applied to structural trusses usedin towers with constantly changing diameters, such as towers that have acontinuous taper.

FIG. 9 depicts an example of a method 900 of erecting an annular tower.In this example, the method 900 includes positioning 902 a structuraltruss within a central opening of a first annular tower section at afirst height and connecting 904 a crane mast positioned on an outside ofthe first annular tower section to the structural truss through alateral opening in the first annular tower section.

At block 902, the structural truss is positioned within the centralopening of the annular tower. The structural truss may be assembledinside of the central opening. Further, the structural truss may besecured to a plate in a lateral opening or multiple plates in multiplelateral openings in the tower's wall. The width of the structuralopening may be wide enough that with the structural truss secured in thecentral opening, that the sides of the structural truss make contactwith the inside surface of the central opening.

At block 904, a crane mast is positioned to the outside of a firstannular tower section and connected to the structural truss. Theconnection between the crane mast and the structural truss allows forthe weight of the mast assembly's payload to be transferred into theannular tower. Inside the annular tower, the weight is transferredthrough the structural truss into the walls of the annular tower. Withthe payload positioned on just one side of the tower, the payloadinitially induces an uneven force on the annular tower. But, theconnection between the mast assembly and the structural truss, theweight is transferred centrally into the annular tower where the weightcan be distributed evenly and gradually throughout the portion of thetower in contact with the structural truss.

FIG. 10 depicts an example of a method 1000 of erecting an annulartower. In this example, the method 1000 includes assembling 1002 astructural truss within a central opening of a first annular towersection at a first height, connecting 1004 a crane mast positioned on anoutside of the first annular tower section to the structural trussthrough a lateral opening in the first annular tower section, attaching1006 a second annular tower section to a cable of a jib arm connected tothe crane mast, lifting 1008 the second annular tower section to aheight above the first annular tower section, positioning 1010 thesecond annular tower section onto the annular tower so that the secondannular tower section becomes part of the annular tower, disconnecting1012 the structural truss from the crane mast, raising 1014 thestructural truss into the second annular tower section, raising 1016 thecrane mast to the second annular tower section, and connecting 1018 thestructural truss to the crane mast through a lateral opening in thesecond annular tower section.

At block 1006, a second annular tower section is connected to a cable ofthe jib arm of the mast assembly. In some examples, the cable has a hookthe connects to another cable secured to the annular tower section. Atblock 1008, the second annular tower section is lifted to a height abovethe first annular tower section that is already incorporated into theannular tower. At block 1010, the second annular tower section ispositioned onto the annular tower so that the second annular towersection becomes part of the annular tower. With the second annular towersection positioned on the first annular tower section, the secondannular tower section can be secured to the first annular tower section.For example, the second annular tower section may be connected to thefirst annular tower section. As a result, the second annular towersection becomes part of the annular tower.

At blocks 1012, the structural truss is disconnected from the cranemast. Disconnecting the structural truss from the crane mast may be donemanually. Or, in other examples, disconnecting the structural truss fromthe crane mast may be done with a robotic or computerized mechanism. Atblocks 1014 and 1016, the structural truss and crane mast are raised tothe second annular tower section. Raising the structural truss and thecrane mast may be performed with any appropriate mechanism. At block1018, the structural truss is connected to the crane mast through alateral opening in the second annular tower section.

FIG. 11 depicts an example of a lift mechanism 1100 for moving thestructural truss to different elevations. In this example, the liftmechanism 1100 includes a track 1102 that is incorporated into theinside surface 1104 of the annular tower sections 1106. The track 1102can guide the structural truss in an upward direction as new annulartower segments are added to the tower.

The tracks 1102 may include a row of teeth 1108 that mesh with a pinionconnected to the structural truss. A motor may cause the pinion torotate in a first direction when it is desirable for the structuraltruss to move upward within the central opening of the tower. The motormay be remotely controlled by an operator. In other examples, the motormay automatically start in response to a trigger event.

In the illustrated example, the inside surface 1104 is connected to apair of tracks 1102. In such an example, a pinion may be incommunication with each of the tracks 1102. In such an example, thestructural truss is supported at multiple locations where the verticaltruss members exist. Each pinion may have a dedicated motor. In thisexample, the load for lifting the structural truss may be distributedbetween each of the motors and/or tracks. But, in other examples, just asingle track 1102 is integrated into the inside surface 1104. In somecases, the structural truss has multiple pinions that are verticallyarranged so that the multiple pinions are connected to the same track1102. Each of the pinions may have a dedicated motor.

The tracks 1102 may be attached to the inside surface 1104 through anyappropriate mechanism. For example, the tracks 1102 may be cast into thewall of the annular tower sections 1106. In other examples, the tracks1102 are connected to the inside surface 1104 after the annular towersection 1106 is cast. In this example, fasteners may be used to connectthe tracks 1102 to the inside surface 1104. Track segments may beincorporated into each of the annular tower sections 1106. Thus, as theannular tower sections 1106 are stacked, the track segments can bejoined together to form continuous tracks 1102. As the annular towersections 1106 are brought together, the crane system may rotate and/ororient the annular tower sections 1106 so that the track segments align.

While this example has been described with reference to a track that hasteeth for connection with a pinion incorporated into the structuraltruss, any appropriate type of track may be used in accordance with theprinciples described herein. For example, the track may include siderails that guide the direction of the structural truss. The guidance maybe useful for locating the appropriate joints of the structural trusswith the plates in the annular wall to which the structural truss attachso that the loads from the crane mast can be transferred to thestructural truss. In another example, a hydraulic piston or a pneumaticpiston may be used to move the structural truss. A non-exhaustive listof mechanisms that may be used to move the structural truss and/or themast assembly include rack and pinion mechanisms, pulley and cablemechanisms, magnetic mechanisms, hydraulic mechanisms, pneumaticmechanisms, other types of mechanisms, or combinations thereof.

When the structural truss is in the desired position, the structuraltruss may be bolted to the inside surface of the annular tower segmentsso that there is a connection between the structural truss and theinside surface for distributing the crane system's load throughout thetower. In other examples, the structural truss expands when at thedesired height so that there is contact between the joints of thestructural truss and the inside surface of the annular tower segments.When the structural truss is to move, the structural truss may bemanually unfastened from the inside surface. In other examples, thestructural truss may at least partially collapse to minimize frictionbetween the structural truss and the inside surface when the structuraltruss is moving upward.

FIG. 12 depicts an example of a lift mechanism 1200. In this example,the tracks 1202 are connected to the inside surface 1204 of the annulartower sections 1206. The structural truss 1208 includes multiple pinions1210 that are connected to the tracks 1202. In this example, the pinions1210 rotate to move the structural truss 1208 upward in the centralopening.

While not shown, the crane mast may also be moved up or down the outsideof the tower with a track. Such a track may also include multiple tracksegments that are connected to each other as the annular tower sectionsare joined together. But, any appropriate mechanism for moving the cranemast may be used in accordance with the principles described herein.

While the examples depict a specific type of mast assembly, specifictype of boom, a specific type of jib arm, and other specific types ofcrane components, any appropriate type of crane components may be usedin accordance with the principles described herein. For example, the jibarm may lift loads horizontally and/or vertically. In some examples, thejib arm can move loads horizontally by rotating about the crane mast. Inother examples, the jib arm can move loads horizontally by sliding atleast a portion of the jib arm along a track or along a rail or a trackthat is supported by the jib arm. In yet other examples, the jib arm maymove horizontal loads by moving a hoisting mechanism along a trackincorporated into the jib arm.

What is claimed is:
 1. A crane system, comprising: an annular towersection; the annular tower section comprising an inside surface thatdefines a central opening; a structural truss positioned within thecentral opening of the annular tower section; a crane mast connected toan outside surface of the annular tower section; and a jib arm connectedto the crane mast.
 2. The crane system of claim 1, wherein the annulartower section further comprises: an annular wall; and a fastener locatedin the annular wall; wherein the structural truss is connected to thecrane mast through the fastener.
 3. The crane system of claim 1, whereinthe structural truss further comprises: at least two joints in contactwith the inside surface.
 4. The crane system of claim 1, wherein thestructural truss comprises a length that is greater than a crosssectional width of the annular tower section.
 5. The crane system ofclaim 1, wherein a length of the structural truss is over twenty feetlong.
 6. The crane system of claim 1, further comprising: a liftmechanism that raises the structural truss within the central opening.7. The crane system of claim 1, furthering comprising: a lateral openingthat extends between the outside surface of the annular tower sectionand the inside surface of the annular tower section; wherein thestructural truss is connected to the crane mast through the lateralopening.
 8. The crane system of claim 7, further comprising: a fastenerlocated within the lateral opening, the fastener including a first sideand a second side; wherein the structural truss is connected to thefastener on the first side and the mast assembly is connected to thesecond side.
 9. The crane system of claim 7, wherein multiple lateralopenings are located in the annular tower section that connect to boththe mast assembly and the structural truss.
 10. The crane system ofclaim 1, wherein the crane mast is located away from a center of theannular tower to allow placement of additional tower sections whilecentrally distributing the weight of a payload of a crane mastthroughout the annular tower.
 11. The crane system of claim 1, whereinloads imposed on the annual tower section when the crane mast is liftinga payload are transferred to the structural truss through the annularwall.
 12. The crane assembly of claim 1, wherein the crane mast isattached to a side of the annular tower.
 13. The crane assembly of claim9, wherein when loads from a payload of the crane mast initially imposean unbalanced load onto the annular tower, the mast assembly and thestructural truss centrally distribute the load throughout the annulartower.
 14. A crane system, comprising: a structural truss configured tobe positioned within a central opening of an annular tower section; acrane mast configured to be connected to structural truss through alateral opening defined in an annular wall of the annular tower section;and a jib arm connected to the crane mast.
 15. The crane system of claim10, further comprising: a fastener configured to be located in theannular wall; wherein the structural truss is connected to the cranemast through the fastener.
 16. The crane system of claim 10, wherein thestructural truss further comprises at least two joints spaced to be incontact with an inside surface of the annular tower section.
 17. Thecrane system of claim 10, wherein a length of the structural truss isover twenty feet long.
 18. A crane system, comprising: an annular towersection; the annular tower section comprising an inside surface thatdefines a central opening; a structural truss positioned within thecentral opening of the annular tower section; a crane mast connected toan outside surface of the annular tower section; and a jib arm connectedto the crane mast; wherein the crane mast is attached to the side of theannular tower; wherein the crane mast is located off to the side toallow placement of additional tower sections while centrallydistributing the weight of a payload of a crane mast throughout theannular tower.
 19. The crane system of claim 18, wherein the structuraltruss further comprises: at least two joints in contact with the insidesurface; wherein the structural truss comprises a length that is greaterthan a cross sectional width of the annular tower section.
 20. The cranesystem of claim 18, furthering comprising: a lateral opening thatextends between the outside surface of the annular tower section and theinside surface of the annular tower section; wherein the structuraltruss is connected to the crane mast through the lateral opening.